Professional 2 part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional 2 part 1 - Essay Example In Australia, there is an estimated number of 24, 891 children suffering from Down Syndrome based on extrapolated statistics (Statistics by Country for Down Syndrome 2008). In Victoria, the incidence of this abnormality is 1 in every 481 births (Birth Defects – Trisomy Disorder 2007). It was reported that statistics would show that expectant Australian mothers who were apprised beforehand of the Down Syndrome condition of the child before birth terminate the pregnancy – a kind of genetic cleansing. Even during pregnancy, several tests can be done to find out if the fetus is positive with Down Syndrome like ultrasound, amniocentesis, and serum sampling (Mealy 2000). Down Syndrome is a congenital and genetic condition that was first identified and described by Dr. John Langdon-Down in 1866. In the 1960s, French cytogeneticist Dr. Jerome Lejune illustrated that the Syndrome is essentially caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the cells of those afflicted with the syndrome. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (thus, 46 in all) which are stored in the nucleus of every human cell. Two of these chromosomes determine the sex (thus, sex chromosomes) and the rest decide other factors (autosomes). Each pair of chromosomes is a derivative from each parent (the mother and the father). In the person with the Down Syndrome, an extra chromosome is added which makes for a total of 47 instead of the usual 46 and one chromosome is not duplicated but triplicated, thus Down Syndrome is also called trisomy (from the root word tri or three) disorder. The chromosome which is triplicated in those with the genetic defect is chromosome 21 (see Fig. 1) (Lindee 2005 p. 103), with the numbering of chromosomes done in accordance with the international standard systems of nomenclature adopted during the Denver Conference in 1960. There are three kinds of Down Syndrome: Standard Trisomy

Write a 125 words for each question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write a 125 words for each question - Essay Example On the other hand, Romania remained largely unaffected. It wasn’t until the leader of the Communist Party returned from a state visit to Iran that the people came out in protest. Mikhail Gorbachev realised that the Communist states were struggling financially and needed more openness with the West. President Ronald Reagan supported military groups who opposed communism in their own countries. His ideas became known as Reagan Doctrine. 2. The Christian right first started in response to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which outlawed discrimination against women and blacks. Another reason was the liberal culture of the 1960s, and was motivated by fear of social breakdown. The Christian right had an increasing role in American politics and vocally supported particular candidates (usually Republican) by producing voter guides and distributing them to conservative Christian churches. The Christian right gained exposure between the 1960s and 1980s through increased Christian television p rogramming. Jimmy Swaggart was one of the most famous televangelists of the 80s; by 1983 he had more than 250 television stations broadcasting his program. Other televangelists, such as Jim Bakker, were criticized for preaching prosperity doctrine and acquiring considerable wealth.

Effects of Technology :: Computers Society

Effects of Technology The technology which surrounds almost everyone in the modern society, affects both work and leisure activities. Technology contains information that many would rather it did not have. It influences minds in good and bad ways, and it allows people to share information which they would otherwise not be able to attain. Even if a person does not own a computer or have credit cards, there is information on a computer somewhere about everyone. The technology which is just now beginning to be manipulated and harnessed is affecting the minds of small children and adolescents in ways that could be harmful. It is affecting our immediate future. It also gives another form of communication and exchange of information which was not available before, information that is both good and bad. Technology is one of the principal driving forces of the future; it is transforming our lives and shaping our future at rates unprecedented in history, with profound implications which we can't even begin to see or understand. Many different elements affect how satisfied we are with our lives. The impact of technology on these elements can change how safe, healthy and happy people feel. Throughout history, people have looked for better ways to meet their needs and to satisfy their expectations. Technology has improved the way people feed, clothe and shelter themselves. Technology has also changed other aspects of everyday life, such as health care, education, job satisfaction, and leisure time activities. People have used technology since they first chipped stone blades to improve their hunting. Yet some people call the current age the "Technological Age" because of society's dependence on technology. For the first time in human history, almost all the goods and services people use depend on technology. The products of technology are available to almost everyone in society. The economy of a country influences how the people of the county live. Technology is often considered the key to a nation's economic growth. Most economists would say that it is one of the factors in economic growth, but they would probably disagree about its importance. Many economists think that if technology sparks growth in one sector of the economy in the form of increased productivity, growth will also occur in other sectors of the economy. Jobs may be lost in one industry, such as agriculture but new jobs may emerge in other sectors of the economy.

Discuss the Marketing Environment Essay

The Marketing Environment consists of a complex set of interacting forces and influences outside the marketing department of an organization. The Marketing Environment affects the organization’s ability to build and maintain mutually beneficial relationships with its target customers. Through continuous monitoring its Marketing Environment a company must be able to anticipate change and act in a pro active way rather than leaving it to a reactive reaction. It must also keep up to date by realizing any effective changing forces. It does this by monitoring SWOT i.e. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Obviously wanting to maximize on Strengths and Opportunities and eliminate Weaknesses and Threats. Marketers must use marketing intelligence and market research when monitoring the Marketing Environment. The Marketing Environment can be divided into two main categories; the Micro and the Macro Environment. The Micro Environment This can also be divided. Internal Environment and Forces close to the organization. The Internal Environment. This consists of Top Management and Other departments. The Top management is responsible for setting the organizations overall mission, objectives, strategies and policies to guide all the organizations departments and employees. The success of the company is dependant on the competence of the Top managers. Other departments must co-ordinate their efforts as to maximize potential and avoid conflicts. The smoother the departments work together the better the overall outcome is going to be. All employees should realize the importance of being market-orientated and of delivering customer satisfaction. Forces close to the organization. This consists of Competitors, Marketing  Intermediaries, Suppliers of resources, Customers and Publics. Competitors: must offer superior value & satisfaction than their competitors and make it widely known throughout the target market. Companies must make an effort to attract their target customers and retain them by delivering customer satisfaction. These companies must watch their competitors closely as to retain their market share and maybe win some of the competitor’s market share. Marketing Intermediaries: These are firms that assist the company hiring them to promote, sell and distribute its products to target customers. Resellers will help find target customers or sell to them. Transportation firms help companies stock and transport goods. Agencies providing marketing services are marketing research agencies, advertising agencies, and marketing consulting firms. Financial intermediaries are organizations that will sell financial services to companies. Suppliers of resources: A company must be very careful as to watch for any changes (shortages, delays, labour strikes etc) as they are damaging to the companies sales and reputation. The organization is as efficient as its suppliers. Customers: Firstly a company must identify its target market. Then develop the right 4P’s to build long term customer relationships. An organizations target customers may be part of different markets. Consumer markets which are people who buy for personal use, these are called final consumers. Business Markets are companies that buy goods or services in order to use them for production in order to resell at a profit, these are called business customers. Government markets rent goods or services to carry out the main functions of the government. Institutional markets are schools & hospitals that provide goods or services to those in the organization. International markets are any of the customer markets but are situated overseas. Each market has its own particular features. Organizations must study the market/s to which they are selling to so as to understand its/their characteristics; including the way buying decisions are made. Publics: are groups that have an actual or potential interest in or on the companies ability to achieve its objectives. These publics include Media, Financial, Local, Internal, General, Citizen Action, or Government. The Macro Environment The Macro Environment can be considered as forces. These forces can be split into four categories: Demographic forces, Natural forces, Political forces and Social forces. Demographic Forces This is the study of the population. Demographic trends include Growing world population, Ageing population, Increasing Diversity, Changes in family structure, and a more Educated population. Growing world population: The number of needs increases as the population increases. These increased needs backed by purchasing power create market opportunities. These opportunities must be exploited. Ageing population: If the older segment of the population increases opportunities for companies that target this segment of the market. Likewise it creates threats companies that target a young market. These companies can react by offering a product suitable for an older market on top of their original product. Increasing diversity: The nationality and racial make up of the country/ies where they are selling their products should be considered. People’s wants are generally due to their nationality or race. Due to advancements in technology and transportation this has and is likely to continue increasing. Changes in family structure: Nowadays families have gotten smaller. This means that the usual budget for food etc is obviously going to get smaller i.e. with a higher standard of living an increase in purchases of various  products is probable. Women working have also increased so with money in their pocket a new segment of potential customers has been created. There is also a shift in husband and wife roles so now household products should also be aimed at husbands as well as wives. A more educated population: As a result of this the demand for quality products, book, formal clothing etc has increased. Natural Forces These are forces to do with natural resources. These forces can be split into four categories: Raw material shortage, Increased pollution, Increased government intervention and Environmentalism. Raw Material Shortage: Non renewable resources pose a serious threat. Companies face problems such as increasing costs and protests. Some day they’ll have to find substitute materials to use in production. Renewable resources also pose a problem if depletion rate supersedes its renewal rate. Companies using these resources face the same problems. Seemingly infinite resources are being destroyed due to pollution. Companies causing such harm face bad word of mouth and a bad reputation. Increased pollution: This poses a health as well as other threats to the general society. These industries must face bad word of mouth. Increased government intervention: This intervention in resource management varies across countries. Government laws and regulations must be monitored by companies as to not break laws and face consequences. Environmentalism: These cause pressure; sometimes so much that they actually damage a company’s reputation and influence government intervention. Now companies go beyond and develop a plan that is known as an environmentally sustainable strategy and develop ecologically safer products. Political Forces These are forces such as laws, government agencies and pressure groups. These forces vary with country and possibly time. There job is to protect organizations from each other, consumers from organizations and their deceptive practices etc, and society as a whole. Businesses are not only limited by laws and regulations but ethical and social codes are also considered. Most Businesses adopt the Societal Marketing Concept. Economic Forces These are forces that affect consumers’ spending ability and spending patterns. These are split into Changes in Average Income, Changes in Income Distribution, and Changing Consumer Spending Patterns. Changes in Average Income: means that a high average income level by means of a raise can lead to an increase in demand for quality products and a fall for cheaper, more inferior products. Obviously a fall in average income can lead to the opposite. Companies must therefore be very aware of the changing in incomes and adjust to the accordingly. Changes in Income Distribution: The segments are rich, middle income, and low income and people living on welfare. These segments sizes are likely to change over time. Once again the company must be monitoring this to spot changes to identify the trends in its target market/s. Companies can choose to offer two or more variations of their product in order to satisfy all parts of the Income Distribution chain ex. Books. Changing Consumer Spending Patterns: Patterns are changing every day. As income increases products such as food etc are spent on less than housing, transportation etc. This is what help businesses decide on whether to expand in the same line of products or find an alternative line. Cultural Forces Beliefs and values are divided into: core beliefs and values and beliefs  which are difficult to change, and secondary beliefs and values which are easier to change. A company must either find a way of adjusting its product to fit the core beliefs and values or try and change the secondary beliefs through marketing activities etc. These beliefs are mainly attributes of ones society. A person holds views on: 1. her/himself – people buy products that match their personalities. 2. other people – people want to interact with society, therefore there is a demand for  products that improve their relationships with others ex. Clubs etc. 3. various institutions – a positive attitude towards an institution means that people will trust this institution. Companies do this buy adopting the Societal Marketing Concept. 4. his/her society – people prefer buying products made in their own company. 5. the natural environment – if people feel close to nature a demand in products such as health food will increase. i.e. if the company harms the environment this will reflect badly. 6. the universe and spirituality – if religious convictions and practice falls, materialism  takes over. If it doesn’t fall companies promote their products with a spiritual theme. Any organization needs to research such views and adjust each of the 4P’s accordingly. Technological Forces A new technology implies new market opportunities for some organizations and threats for others. Companies once realizing this must keep up to date in order for technology to help them become more efficient, thus making them more successful.

The Old Chief Mshlanga By Doris Lessing - 1706 Words

Although some nations believed in the eventual possibility of Africans assimilating into their culture and society, such as France and their idea of Africans becoming â€Å"Black Frenchmen†, colonial Africa was largely a hotbed for discriminatory attitudes and actions against black Africans. The racist practices of European colonists and imperial European countries became part of everyday life for both Europeans in Africa and the native Africans themselves, so much so that these prejudicial positions were relayed through both African and European literature. In the short stories Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams and The Old Chief Mshlanga by Doris Lessing, the young characters are taught racism and prejudice through social interaction which†¦show more content†¦Further, in Crackling Day, another example of the narrator, who is a child, being taught the principles of racism and prejudice is from when the white man and his boys arrive at the home of the narrator and his u ncle and aunt, and the white man enters unannounced and forces Uncle Sam to beat the narrator for beating his son in a fair and provoked fight. After being commanded by the white man referred to as Baas, the narrator relays that â€Å"Uncle Sam went into the other room and returned with a thick leather thong†¦ Bitterly, Uncle Sam said ‘You must never lift your hand to a white person†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He lifted the strap and brought it down on my back.† (6). In Crackling Day, the narrator does not expect to be disciplined for what he sees as defending himself against a bully. He does not understand the repercussions of his actions and thereby seeing his uncle conform to the Baas’ wishes after barging into their home is a foreign concept, but a byproduct of systematic discrimination nonetheless from which the narrator learns the extent of racism in Africa. Examples such as the aforementioned do not just exist in Crackling Day though, but do so in the short story The Old Chief Mshlanga by Doris Lessing too. The narrator, a white girl living on her family’s farm, learns racism and discrimination from atop the social hierarchyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Rosa Parks, An African American Activist For Racial Equality1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthe unfair oppression of the Africans as well. The children of the stories â€Å"Crackling Dawn†, by Peter Abrahams, and â€Å"The Chief of Mshlanga†, by Doris Lessing, are taught racism early on their lives, which impacts their views of black people. The white boys of â€Å"Crackling Day† learn the accepted practice of treating blacks as inferiors. The protagonist of â€Å"The Old Chief Mshlanga† learns racism from her elders and through the practice of tormenting the Africans in her society. The transfer of culturalRead MoreAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagescorporation. This is what Chaucer is pointing to within the Pardone r’s tale. The Church was completely taking advantage of the general public’s trust in their faith, all to make a profit. A betrayal of trust can also be seen within Doris Lessing’s The Old Chief Mshlanga. In this short story, the natives of Africa trusted their land to be shared with the colonists from an invading country. The tribe that resided near the settler’s homestead never had any issues with the settler’s owning the land, despiteRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King Is The Concept Of Predestination2036 Words   |  9 Pagescan be seen by Hernan Cortes who conquered the Aztec Empire, â€Å"The immediate consequence of the fall of Tenochtitlan was the dismantling of the Aztec Empire, which had stretched from the Gulf Coast to the Pacific,† (1902). Some explorers blended their Old-World culture with the New World instead of conquering them, â€Å"In Aztec territory Spaniards, especially members of the clergy, learned Nahuatl, while native people became proficient in Spanish,† (1904). With this new language learn many authors would

Morgan Laplante . Mrs. Rhodes . Pre-Ap English 10 . 13

Morgan Laplante Mrs. Rhodes Pre-AP English 10 13 February 2016 Happiness Is Not This A person’s happiness is completely different than that of the person next to them. In Fahrenheit 451, the society is given the idea that happiness is found in the fast life. Students crash cars, crack windows, and drive recklessly for fun. Schooling in this society is not even in the realm of learning. Instead, it is filled with sports, electronics, and everything but an education. Death is a quick cremation instead of a proper funeral and mourning. Adults not only have poor relationships with their spouses, but also their children. Despite all these things, to the people of the Fahrenheit 451 society, the weak human connections and speedy existence†¦show more content†¦Montag’s change of view in what happiness is, was replicated by Ted in the Lorax and perfectly represented by Furtado’s piece of art; happiness is not always what society says it is. Throughout the story of Fahrenheit 451 Guy Montag goes from being carefree about his current living situation to realizing that, there may be something more to life. Though meeting Clarissa throws Montag through the finish line, his journey away from society began long before Clarissa. She pushed him out of the darkness and into the light. His eyes were thrust open from her asking of one simple question; â€Å"Are you happy?† (Bradbury, Page 14). The question rocked Montag’s world. Montag says, â€Å"â€Å"Happy! Of all the nonsense.† He stopped laughing†¦ Of course I’m happy. What does she think? I’m not?† (Bradbury, Page 14). The society’s ways of living in the fast lane were happiness to him, until he discovered what lived within the books. In the beginning of the book, Montag was content burning the books, living in the fast lane, not having a full relationship with his wife. He was fine with living like everyone else in his society and turning a blind eye to occurrences that did not fit into the societyâ₠¬â„¢s ideas of happiness. As Montag began to read the books he stole, his eyes were opened to an entire new world. He begins to wonder about others and their feelings, and asks strange questions. When he asks his wife, Mildred, where they met, she has no problem withShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesHessa Albader Cover Art: Fotolia Media Editor: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Leghigh-Phoenex Color Text Font: 10/12, Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within the text. Microsoft ® and Windows ® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the

The Brazilian Federal Data Processing Services - 1077 Words

The Brazilian Federal Data Processing Services is experience at least two types of the ethical problem. First, the NSA is acting contrary to international standards relations. It is ethically wrong for the government agency to spy on another government’s data or information. Although American security agencies have been accused of spying on the security information of other countries, their actions are illegal and will create a poor inter country relationship (Constantin, 2014). From this case, even the Brazilian president, Rousseff, protested to NSA activities and has predicted a poor online relation with the U.S. The second element describing a business ethical problem in this case is the fact that the software handling the government†¦show more content†¦This agency should not enter another country’s databases just because they are capable of doing so. America is good in developing regulations for local and international relations but very poor in practicin g. For example, private information sharing within the government agencies is regulated by privacy rules but this happens in theory while practically these agencies access and share private information illegally. NSA behavior has even caused some negative relationship between Brazil and American to the extent that Brazil is worried about the internet legislations the U.S. might impose that will affect its citizen’s internet access from U.S. websites. Brazil hired the services of the Internet Security Systems, Inc (ISS) to develop its Federal Enterprise Architecture. Since 1999, ISS has been managing Brazilian Federal Data Processing Services (Sepro) and providing with the basic infrastructure to handle billions of the countries transactions (PR Newswire, 2004). ISS is an American Internet Data handling company. This company is responsible for U.S. Federal Architecture Framework. Therefore, it could just be using the same system on the Brazil government such that the SEPRO architecture is similar to what Americans use. With similar systems but located in different countries, America could have an advantage to Brazil because it is using the same system it knows better (PR Newswire, 2004). ISS could have only