Realism and Ibsen’s a Doll’s House Essay

Ibsen: Keeping it Real Since 1879 Realism is a style of writing in which the author strays away from romance and fantasy and leans toward the everyday life of real people and the negative aspects of their lives. The Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen captures the true essence of realism in his famously controversial play A Doll’s House. Nora is an idealistic wife who bows down to her husband’s commands and fulfills his every wish. When Torvald, her husband, fell sick she did everything she could to save his life, going as far as forging her dead father’s signature to receive money to pay for their trip to Italy for better heath care. The story takes place during Christmas time, where Nora is now forced to come to terms with the crime she has committed once Krogstad, the man at the bank who gave Nora the money she needed, reveals to her his plan to tell Torvald about her forgery. A Doll’s House is a perfect example of realism, containing many of the key elements of this genre. Ibsen highlights the forced role of women, the deceptive appearances people use to hide their troubles behind, and uses a realist form and style of writing. Understanding the realism genre of literature allows the reader to enjoy a style of writing in which they can relate to and find comfort in, knowing that someone, somewhere, sometime experienced exactly what they themselves are going through Like many women of her time, Nora has to forget about her own wants and ideas and put on the role a women must play to please the people around her. Torvald constantly is putting Nora in her place. When Torvald comes home one afternoon he finds Nora sitting surrounded with bags from her trip to town. He reprimands her about her spending habits before comforting her, saying, â€Å"Now, now, my little song-bird mustn’t be so crestfallen. Well? Is the squirrel sulking? † (Ibsen 149). Torvald is trying to console his wife while also belittling her by using endearing terms. In reality, his words make Nora feel controlled and repressed. Ibsen wants his audience to see that by demeaning Nora, Torvald is trying to get her to mold to the role of a submissive wife who will listen to her husband as if her were her father. Torvald wants Nora to know that he is the one â€Å"on top† in the relationship; he is the bread winner, the man, and the more powerful person. He is always trying to suppress Nora and keep her dominance over him at bay. Not only must women be submissive to their husbands but they were expects to be obedient to him as well. Torvald is always telling this wife not to eat her favorite treat, macaroons, because her teeth with rot and fall out. When Nora buys the dessert in town, she hides them from Torvald. She lies to him when he asks if the thought crossed her mind that day to stop and get a treat. Nora tells her husband, â€Å"No, Torvald really; I promise you†¦ I wouldn’t do anything that you don’t like† (Ibsen 151). Nora is afraid of contradicting Torvald’s word and promises to him she would never do anything to go against him. Instead of being her husband’s equal Nora feels as if she were a child. Ibsen depicts Nora’s marriage as a relationship between a father and his child instead of a husband and his wife and mother of his young children. Torvald treats Nora like a little girl who cannot make her own decisions. She is forced to play this role of a child her whole life; fist under her own father’s roof and now under Torvald’s. The forced roles of women were enforced in society, as well as the idea of keeping one’s flaws concealed from the outside world. Deceptive appearances hide the troubles and pain Nora and Torvald both go through during the play. Mrs. Linde, Nora’s longtime friend, comes over to the Helmer household. Nora and her are chatting about New Year’s plans when Nora says, â€Å"Look, the people upstairs, the Stenborgs, are having a fancy-dress party tomorrow night, and Torvald wants me to go as a Neopolitan fisher-girl and dance the tarantella that I learnt in Capri† (Ibsen 183). Nora tells Mrs. Linde that her and Torvald plan on attending a masquerade party in which she will be dressing up to perform the tarantella as her husband had told her to. Ibsen is telling the reader that people hide behind clothes and masks to hide the hurt and pain going on in their own life, so as to please society and their own friends. Nora is suffering from an internal crisis et she is forced to dress up and go to the party so that her friends do not suspect anything is wrong with her. Torvald being the â€Å"doll player† that he is, controls Nora and basically forces her to put up a front for the world to see. He never sees Nora’s misery the week leading up to the revelation of Nora’s crime because she has been taught to hide the pain so well. Along with hiding from society, one must fulfill all its demanding expectation. When Torvald reads the letter from Krogstad revealing Nora’s forgery, he is enraged. He screams at Nora and tells her she can have no influence over the children and he loves her no longer. Then he remembers what others will think about this situation and says, â€Å"Somehow or other I must try to appease him- the thing must be hushed up at all costs. As for ourselves- we must seem to go on just as before†¦ but only in the eyes of the world of course† (Ibsen 221). Torvald is only concerned about keeping Krogstad quiet and the outside world remaining in the dark about his troubled marriage. He tells Nora they must continue on with life outside as it was before but once inside the house, it all does not matter; he could not care less. Ibsen communicates that along with wearing deceptive appearances, those who want to be accepted, like Torvald, must bow down to society’s expectations. These expectations include maintaining a perfect marriage, raising the children properly, and not allowing your wife to overpower you. Torvald’s only concern is to keep the peace, for the sake of his own last name. He does not care about Nora any longer. He only cares about keeping himself and his reputation safe. Along with outlining some of the key elements of the real world and the society one lives in, Ibsen uses a realistic style of writing. Staying true to realism literature, Ibsen uses a realistic form and style while writing A Doll’s House. One the first page of the play, one can find a detailed description of the set including, â€Å"A comfortable room, furnished inexpensively, but with taste. In the back wall there are two doors; that to the right leads out to a hall, the other, to the left, leads to Helmer’s study. Between them stands a piano† (Ibsen147). A long list of props preludes all of the acts of the play. Ibsen uses this detailed list of props to bring a sense of reality to his play. He allows the audience to feel as if they truly are sitting in the Helmers’ living room watching Nora fall prey to her husband. It allows one to sink completely in the story and become a part of it all. One of Ibsen’s viewers could easily identify with the characters seeing that they lived in the same middle class home and neighborhood as they themselves do. Ibsen also was able to identify with his audience by using a simplistic writing style. When talking to Nora about her children, the children’s nanny says, â€Å"The poor little mites are playing with their presents, but-† (Ibsen 181). The nurse speaks in a common, simple language. Unlike previous writing styles, realism uses everyday common language and interrupted thoughts, run on sentences, and expressions. Ibsen used this style of writing, again, to identify with the audience he was presenting to. His works were seen my middle class citizens, who were used to working hard long hours in filthy conditions. These people were not spending their days eating cakes and playing chess. They spoke in a ruffle-free, basic language, which is exactly the language Ibsen adopted for his realist play. Ibsen exposed the his audience to a new view of the very lives they were living by using this form of writing. Although Ibsen was not showing his audience anything new, he presented them their most inner secrets they kept hidden and shoved them in their own faces. Ibsen highlighted the role women were taught to play, the deceptive appearances the people wore daily, and expressed these ideas using the people’s realistic style of speech. Ibsen was a writer for the people of the 1800s, but his works are treasured and applicable even in today’s world. ALL QUOTES DIRECTLY FROM A DOLL'S HOUSE

Finance in International Markets Essay

Describe the tradeoffs that are involved for each method (such as exporting, direct foreign investment, etc. ) that Snyder could use to achieve its goal. ANSWER: Snyder can export the clubs, but the transportation expenses may be high. If could establish a subsidiary in Brazil to produce and sell the clubs, but this may require a large investment of funds. It could use licensing, in which it specifies to a Brazilian firm how to produce the clubs. In this way, it does not have to establish its own subsidiary there. b. Which method would you recommend for this firm? Justify your recommendation. ANSWER: If the amount of golf clubs to be sold in Brazil is small, it may decide to export. However, if the expected sales level is high, it may benefit from licensing. If it is confident that the expected sales level will remain high, it may be willing to establish a subsidiary. The wages are lower in Brazil, and the large investment needed to establish a subsidiary may be worthwhile. 15. Impact of Political Risk. Explain why political risk may discourage international business. Some foreign projects would have been feasible if there was no political risk, but will not be feasible because of political risk. 17. International Joint Venture. Anheuser-Busch, the producer of Budweiser and other beers, has recently expanded into Japan by engaging in a joint venture with Kirin Brewery, the largest brewery in Japan. The joint venture enables Anheuser-Busch to have its beer distributed through Kirin’s distribution channels in Japan. In addition, it can utilize Kirin’s facilities to produce beer that will be sold locally. In return, Anheuser-Busch provides information about the American beer market to Kirin. . Explain how the joint venture can enable Anheuser-Busch to achieve its objective of maximizing shareholder wealth. ANSWER: The joint venture creates a way for Anheuser-Busch to distribute Budweiser throughout Japan. It enables Anheuser-Busch to penetrate the Japanese market without requiring a substantial investment in Japan. b. Explain how the jo int venture can limit the risk of the international business. ANSWER: The joint venture has limited risk because Anheuser-Busch does not need to establish its own distribution network in Japan. Thus, Anheuser-Busch may be able to use a smaller investment for the international business, and there is a higher probability that the international business will be successful. c. Many international joint ventures are intended to circumvent barriers that normally prevent foreign competition. What barrier in Japan is Anheuser-Busch circumventing as a result of the joint venture? What barrier in the United States is Kirin circumventing as a result of the joint venture? ANSWER: Anheuser-Busch is able to benefit from Kirin’s distribution system in Japan, which would not normally be so accessible. Kirin is able to learn more about how Anheuser-Busch expanded its product across numerous countries, and therefore breaks through an â€Å"information† barrier. d. Explain how Anheuser-Busch could lose some of its market share in countries outside Japan as a result of this particular joint venture. ANSWER: Anheuser-Busch could lose some of its market share to Kirin as a result of explaining its worldwide expansion strategies to Kirin. However, it appears that Anheuser-Busch expects the potential benefits of the joint venture to outweigh any potential adverse effects.

Buyer and consumer behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Buyer and consumer behaviour - Assignment Example As a result the brand performance of these companies is better than Nando’s. This first food company has low brand awareness and for this reason Nando’s is earning less revenue than other. Duplication of the Purchase Law has been highlighted in this case. Importance of brand attitude regarding Nando’s is focused in this assignment. Brand salience is important for this company. For this reasons various issues have been highlighted in this assignment regarding the implementation of various salient features in Nando’s. Factors related to demographic segmentation which influence the performance of the company have been focused here. The major competitive brands of Nando’s are McDonalds, Hungry Jacks, KFC, Subway etc. All of these brands are able to capture huge amount of market share and customers. All the competitive brands have implemented effective marketing strategies for which they are able to penetrate their target market efficiently. With the innovative food products KFC, McDonalds, Subway etc are able to satisfy their customers. They have made a good connection with the customers and establish strong relationship with them. The company Nando’s has its business in many countries of the world but it is not so efficient in its marketing strategies. For this reason the company is not able to beat its competitors. Most of the people prefer purchasing food products form McDonalds’, KFC, Hungry Jacks and Subway. As a result the purchasing frequencies of these companies’ products are higher than Nandos. The buyer of Nando’s purchases its food products 1.1 times for a given per iod of time. This company is able to penetrate only 23% of its target market. The brand Nandos does not have any loyal customer. But all of its competitive brands except Subway have many loyal customers. This is one of the important reason for which the sale of Nandos

The Homeric Hymns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Homeric Hymns - Essay Example It is understood that children born out of wedlock tend to have difficulty in committing to a married life. Dionysos name means he was born twice and this signifies that children born without parents tend to end up not getting married. The other narratives of Hymns to Apollo show that Women especially mothers have control over their sons. It is a known fact that sons and their mothers do have a maternal connection that is strong and cannot be easily separated (Rayor 28). The connection between Apollo and life in the current society is that men have a weakness towards pleasing women. The other lesson we learn from the Greek mythology through the Homeric Hymns is that of sibling rivalry. Apollo and Hermes were brothers who competed against each other and their problems were solved by the gods. Their rivalry connects to the current society whereby people close to us and whom we trust often end up betraying us. For instance, politicians are famous for praises but they end up betraying a lot of people (Athanassakis 64). We also learn that gods are often happy when praises are extended towards them on different occasions. The most important lesson and connection is learnt through the Hymns to Demeter. These hymns bring out the connection of life and death whereby when a person dies his soul continues in immortality. The disappearance and emergence of Persephone from time to time shows the dynamism in today’s life in the society. Moreover, it shows the connection between life and death in that when people die their soul continues to live in immortality. Topic 2 Spiritual transformation is a practice that was mostly undertaken by different individuals at different times. Due to this people had to practice some spiritual practices to change the world. The main practice of spiritual transformation is the act of changing the way people work during different times. Spiritual transformation as explained by Carl Jung looks into the spiritual changes that a person unde rgoes as a result of an external event occurring that affects an individual religious beliefs. The major transformation that occurred to Demeter was when her child was kidnapped by Hades. This event led to Demeter changing her behaviour leading to the death of many people. When Demeter daughter was captured and raped by Aidoneus, she became very furious (Rayor 90). Although, she did not hear the screams of her daughter but only the echo of her during her capture, this caused a lot of worries to her. Since Demeter was the god of agriculture her faith and trust in the other gods waned. As a result, she decided to punish the people by sending a winter that caused a lot of destruction towards humankind. Demeter felt betrayed by Zeus since the god did not reveal that he was aware of her daughter’s abduction. Zeus had the knowledge of Persephone whereabouts but he did not reveal this to Demeter and hence she visited the earth and she refused to return to Olympus (Athanassakis 32). Demeter visited the earth to look for her daughter and this event transformed her behaviour. Demeter’s transformation was brought about by her daughter’s disappearance and re-appearance. Demeter descended upon the earth as a result of hearing about her daughter’s disappearance into the earth. Her transformation saw people worship her on earth so as to please her and spare her wrath from the people.

Environmental Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Justice - Essay Example These stakeholders formed the EJ work group. The EJ desired outcome was the reclamation and reuse of the Airfield site at Metlakatla Peninsula and enhance more efficient use of resources in the community. This was achieved through the cleanup of the abandoned facilities, debris and contamination left by former airfield site. The EJ work group was concerned with the impact of the site on health, food supply, and the economy in general. The group was therefore concerned with the elimination of the contamination of the site through cleanup activities. To achieve the desired outcome, some factors were considered. First, consultations and outreach was carried out by the MOU workgroup in order to involve all members in cleanup partnership (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2003). Local MIC residents were also hired to conduct cleanup activities. Enhanced teamwork was also considered to achieve the success of the cleanup. One of the values considered in the cleanup was cooperation in the cleanup process. The MOU workgroup encouraged cooperation and effective coordination. Another value is health and food supply concern among community members. All members were determined to improve their health and food supply for the people. Another value that the team would have considered was philanthropy. This would allow the rich people within the group to offer their resources for the cleanup exercise. One of the obstacles of the partnership was lack of full coordination across the MOU work group members. They had inadequate funding, and the environmental policies varied. These issues affected the allocation of responsibility for cleanup process (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2003). It was also difficult to determine what constitutes a clean site. Another obstacle that can be predicted is the impact of natural disasters and weather changes. The stakeholders involved in this EJ partnership were the West Harlem

Home work 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Home work 4 - Assignment Example considering the enterprise as a whole (2) deciding which jobs to analyze; (3) collecting information; (4) recording them; and, (5) to be analyzed and interpreted according to the needs of the company (p. 29). Today, many software programs are now being designed to carry out this basic yet complicated task of maximizing the human resources of a business organization. Descriptions Now is one of these software programs that help HR managers and supervisors in making certain that the people being hired possess the abilities to perform the tasks and duties that come with the positions they are hired for. Published by the SofoText Incorporated, the software, which offers a 14-day free trial for potential subscribers, provide blank forms and standardized questionnaires which enable those who do the job analysis to determine what a position specifically needs from those who will be assigned to it. The forms describe: the general purpose of the job; the essential duties and responsibilities; the competencies needed, the qualifications, education and experience requirements; the language, computer and mathematical skills; the persons reasoning ability; his or her certificates, licenses, and registrations; what the physical demands of the jobs are and the work environment with which the person shall work (â€Å"Descriptions Now,† n.d.). It also provides features that will enable one to check and update the software library of job descriptions and others which may be acquired through the Internet as well as storage for previously made reports. Other links are also maintained to connect subscribers with sites that supply these

Basic characteristics, management and performance of Apple 02245 Essay

Basic characteristics, management and performance of Apple 02245 - Essay Example The profitability, market share, degree of competition and the growth strategy of the company will be thoroughly evaluated in this paper. The management approach and the performance of the company in the recent times are also analyzed. Apple Inc. has a unique corporate culture. It does not govern through many layers of management. The top management directly communicates with its employees. It tries to attract the employees by offering both, facilities and challenges. The enterprise is committed in maintaining an innovative and collaborative environment. It also trains its retail employees so that they can make their customers feel comfortable and also provides them scope for moving upward to the level of a manager. Thus, the enterprise attracts retail employees (Sawayda, 2011). Apple’s transition into a consumer electronics manufacture from a computer manufacturer was unpredictable and was successful due to the remarkable leadership skills of Steve Jobs, the company’s highly skilled employees and its determined corporate culture. (A description of the organization’s basic characteristics) The production function of a firm expresses the functional relationship between the quantities of outputs and inputs. It shows that to what extent the output changes with variations in input within a specified time period. The equal products curves or isoquants shows all those input combinations which are capable of producing the same output (Moschandreas, 2000). The marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS) is the rate at which the inputs can be substituted for each other in order to maintain the same level of output. It can be expressed as the ratio of the marginal products of two factors (Moschandreas, 2000). In the short run, at least one input of the firm must be fixed while in the long run, all the inputs of the firm are variable. The total cost function of a firm comprises of the total variable costs and the total fixed

Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Reflections - Essay Example When moving from one place to another within the city, I tend to use a vehicle and rarely do I use public means. I travel by air on many occasions and I believe that this has contributed significantly to my carbon footprint. In addition, my food footprint is quite high and this may be due to my omnivorous nature. It was extremely rare for me to consume organic food and this may have contributed to the footprint. If everyone in the world were to have the same lifestyle as I do, then about 4.43 earths would be needed to sustain the population. This means that the earth’s resources would be depleted faster than they are supposed to be, perhaps even within a generation. If we were to continue using resources at that rate, then the resources would become scarce and consequently, there would be absolute chaos as people fought over the resources that are left. It would also mean the destruction of the entire earth’s ecosystem as plants and animals would become extinct. The foremost changes that I made for the week was to shift from the use of heavy carbon emitting transport to cleaner transport, hence a reduction of emissions to the atmosphere. Among the steps I took to accomplish this was to start walking, especially when moving over short distances, the use of public transport, and finally, the use of transport that does not emit carbon, such as bicycles. In addition, I added energy saving features within my home and adopted habits whose purpose would be to save energy. I took to the consumption of organic foods because this would help an immense deal in the discouragement of nonorganic foods. The first adjustment I made to the categories of carbon and food footprints was to reduce significantly my air travel unless it was necessary that I had to travel. Furthermore, I believed that it would be for the best if I stopped using a personal vehicle and instead adapt to using public means because this would ensure that there was a

Query letter and outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Query letter and outline - Assignment Example A modification of the guidelines, through the eighth Joint National Commission (JNC-8) suggested inefficiency of the previous guidelines and possible improvement in management of blood pressure. A majority of hypertension patients, however, fails to manage their blood pressure and this identifies significance of the hypertension as a health concern. The article investigates and reports on common practices in prevention of hypertension and management of blood pressure among hypertension patients and effects of the practices on quality of health, in a seminar set up. Using comparative analysis, effective practices are identified and are compared with provisions of JNC-8 guidelines with the aim of promoting awareness and use of JNC-8 guidelines among nurse practitioners. Publishing the article will, therefore educate nurses of best practices for management of hypertension and, through awareness, influence them to use the practices for better health. The publication will therefore achieve the journal’s objectives of promoting education and improving care practices. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. (2015). Guide for authors. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. Retrieved from:

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macroeconomics - Essay Example Briefly identify and explain three methods intended to encourage economic growth for the typical firm in Hong Kong. Currently, various methods are being enacted by the government to encourage economic growth of the. These include: Adoption of free trading market policies Free markets have increased exports resulting in an increased revenue and surplus trading balance that increases the GDP, overall. Modern technological & labor advancement Boosting the technological sector has not only resulted in grooming of Hong Kong as a financial hub but has also increased the quality & quantity of production which has upgraded the manufacturing sector. Increased adoption of technology has improved the performance of labor, considerably. Adapting limited taxation strategy to attract Foreign Direct Investment Limited-tax policies, upgraded infrastructure and lenient incorporation procedures has played a major role in attracting Foreign Direct Investment. This capital inflow has not only increased revenue but has also decreased the unemployment level. Foreign Direct Investment is a major contributor to economy’s growth. ... ic growth is encoraged by productivity promotion, in accordance with the supply side of the economy, then there will be an increase in aggregerate supply as well as aggregerate demand resulting in a non-inflationary growth. Briefly describe Singapore’s economy (background, GDP, growth rate, etc.) Singapore is an open, trade-oriented economy which has a corruption-free government, skilled work-force, highly developed infrastructure with a good manufacturing sector mainly lead by electronics and biomedical manufacturing industries. GDP (2009): $182.23 billion GDP real growth rate (according to IMF 2009): negative 1.3% GDP real growth rate (according to CIA world of fact book 2010): 14.6% Per capita GDP (2009): $36,537 In 2009, the manufacturing sector with 26.3% and services sector with 69.1% has boosted Singapore’s economy. Briefly identify and explain three methods intended to encourage economic growth for the typical firm in Singapore. Following are few different metho d being used, to increase the economic growth for a typical firm in Singapore. Shifting towards service oriented economy Growth in the service sector increases the growth of overall economy. Financial services facilitates investment while telecommunications and power generation services helps to run a successful market economy. Birth of efficient-markets Establishment of efficeint markets, where prices are determined by supply and demand with few restrictions on trading of goods and services and adoption of free trade has increased healty competition, resulting in significant increase in exports and surplus balance of trade which ultimately boosts the economic growth. Approbation & implementation of business friendly policies Singapore Government has adapted business friendly policieswith a

Hal and Henry IV Essay Example for Free

Hal and Henry IV Essay Throughout Henry IV part 1 the character of Hal becomes more and more complex. It is frequently changing in numerous essential aspects. It is evident that there are two main relationships he has, one with his father Henry IV and the other with Falstaff. Hal seems to struggle to sustain a good relationship with both of them at the same time and therefore enters a realm in which he oscillates from one to another. The relationships he has with these two can have powerful similarities at times, however at other times they seem most controversial. Falstaff is a long term friend of Hal and can almost be considered as a father figure to him. In fact, Shakespeare decides to make him act as Hals father at one point which could be considered as a true representation of their relationship; Shakespeare is in fact trying to show that maybe this is how it should be. Falstaff saying that This chair shall be my state, this dagger my/sceptre, and this cushion my crown. (2.4.312-313) is giving him the role of king, and thus the role of Hals father. A father is supposed to be a loving character and it is expected that the son will follow in a likewise manner. This is portrayed in Henry IV part 1 because Hal seems to emulate Falstaff in several things he does, this is especially palpable in Act 1 scene 2 when Hal agrees to go with thee (1.2.152) to the robbery at Gads Hill, precisely like Falstaff. Hal accepts Falstaff as his father when he says Do thou stand for my father (1.2.64), meaning that Falstaff actually is like a father to Hal. Falstaff is a substitute father to one that Hal never managed to please. However, though this may seem apparent, it is quite likely that Hal is actually playing along with Falstaff, but keeping his distance. This is made flagrant through Hals reformation which is planned from the start. Falstaff and Hal have a strong relationship from the start of the play and it is somewhat obvious that Falstaff is Hals entertainer. Through the way that these two speak to each other the spectators can acknowledge a powerful bond. Frequently, comments like I prithee, sweet wag (1.2.12) occur between them showing that they are comfortable speaking together and that they have acquired a firm companionship. Furthermore, in the scene after the robbery at Gads Hill in which Hal, Poins and Falstaff contemplate the robbery (especially 2.4.175-205), it seems to take a very long time for Falstaff to grasp that it was Hal and Poins who robbed him. Hal and Poins discuss how Falstaff failed to get the money from the robbers, therefore Falstaff reluctantly plays on with them to show them that he is powerful and had to out-muscle several men. Yet by looking at the previous and subsequent scenes it becomes rather clear that Falstaff is a clever individual and that it cannot be true that he did not understand what happened at Gads Hill. Therefore, could Falstaff be playing along at this point just for Hals entertainment and resultantly taking his role as a comedian? Throughout the play it is therefore acknowledged that Falstaffs true aim is to make the future king happy; this could be for two vital reasons; he truly wants Hal to be happy or he is trying to secure a firm relationship with the future king for his own benefit. However, soon Hal mentions ending his relationship with Falstaff. During their mock role-play Falstaff (pretending to be Hal) tells Hal (pretending to be Henry IV) to Banish/plump Jack, and banish all the world. Then Hal replies to Falstaffs jovial speech I do, I will (2.4.397-399). These short snappy words give an insight that maybe what Hal is saying he actually means, maybe Hal will discard Falstaff due to the new found light of his reformation, and maybe that kingship should come before this dwindling relationship. Hal will discard Falstaff as can be seen from his soliloquy. When Hal decides to make himself like bright metal on a sullen ground, (1.2.172) he knows that he can use Falstaff to portray Hals ghastly past but then shine like a star as he bursts into kingship. It is for this reason and this reason only that Hal may wish to keep this relationship with Falsftaff, thus using him for his own benefit. Moreover, not long after Hal calls Falstaff a villainous abominable misleaders of youth, which once again is part of the so called role play but could in fact be the revelation of the truth. It may seem that Hal sees Falstaff as an obstruction on his path to glory however Hal is actually using Falstaff to make himself look bad and then have this sudden reformation and make himself look so much better. So instead he is in fact using Falstaff as a stepping stone across the deep and difficult river, known as the public eye. This is the very reason why Falstaff is trying so hard to maintain a companionship with Hal, only to steal his glory. This happens towards the end of the play when Falstaff betrays Hal. Falstaff lies that he killed the gallant Hotspur (1.1.52), not Hal. This can be seen when Hal says For my part, if a lie do thee grace (5.5.148). This has made it very possible and almost inevitable that Falstaff is in search for more honour, this source could indeed be Hal, Falstaffs supposed friend. Henry IV and Hal have a very convoluted and changing relationship. From the very beginning of the play it seems exceptionally manifest that Henry IV is a callous and unloving father and that his priorities lie not in his family but rather in himself and therefore his country. Henry IV is envious of Northumberland that he Should be a father to so blest a son (1.1.79). It is difficult to believe that a father does not love his only son as much as he does another person. Even if he did have these malicious judgments, it is still irregular that he tells it to other people so candidly in such a way. Henry IV is consequently disregarding Hal as part of his family at all and showing signs of hatred towards him. This reaches the extent that Henry IV actually wishes that he would have his Harry, and he mine (1.1.89), so not only is the king disappointed with his son but he would rather trade him for another. This will make Hal feel less happy with his own father and wish to seek this love from another, even Falstaff. The king is not giving his son a chance to prove himself and is seeing riot and dishonour (1.1.84) in him. On the other hand, Hal has a lot of respect for his father and later tries to achieve a stronger relationship. Hal calls his father his thrice-gracious lord, (3.2.93) showing a lot of respect and nobility. In addition, Hal tells his father I am your son, (3.2.134), never before has Hal considered himself as a son to his father or as his characteristics worthy of a son. This is apparent when Hal tells his father that wherein [his]youth/Hath faulty wandered (3.2.26-27) thus admitting his mistakes and that he has not made his father proud. He is therefore agreeing that he has not shown qualities worthy of a son and that maybe that he had never really considered himself to be one. These few words truly stand out amongst the rest that Hal will show his father the respect he deserves and that he will strengthen this relationship between them. Hal is trying to mend his mistakes while leaving Falstaff behind at the same time because he considered Falstaff as one of these mistakes. This scene in particular is a very crucial scene in the bonding relationship between father and son. Hal comes forward to his father and confesses of the wrongs he has done and appeals for redemption from his father. This scene can almost be visualised with Hal down on his knees and his father sitting on high throne by his side. This is the exact moment in the play when the relationship between Hal and Henry IV is restored. It is difficult to hear advice and more difficult to accept it yet Hal does so, not with Falstaff but with Henry IV. Nevertheless, it takes two to make a relationship work and this cannot be done by Hal alone, his father also needs to show equal respect to him. We find that Henry IV cares a great deal for his son, more than we had ever thought from previous scenes (like Act 1 scene 1). Henry IV continually gives Hal greatly needed advice of how As thou art this hour was Richard then (3.2.94), he warns him of how he should avoid being like Richard, the unsuccessful king was. He warns him with his true care that if he is not to show his kingly features Hotspur could easily take the throne away from him. This advice Henry gives with his true care for Hal, with fear of Hals future. Additionally, Henry IV tells Hal things he would only ever tell someone truly near him. This is evident when Henry IV says Why, Harry, do I tell thee of my foes, (3.2.122). By Henry IV telling this to Hal he is showing Hal this respect he has for him and that he too is willing to make this relationship work out. This scene truthfully shows a father and son in a relationship as they ought to be. Therefore, Hal and Falstaff once had a powerful relationship with one another in which Falstaff was a benevolent figure, but it seems that Hal is trying to destroy this relationship and force it to deteriorate because of this kingship he needs to tend to. Despite how strongly Falstaff may try to maintain their relationship it always seems to be falling apart. Furthermore, Falstaff is not actually trying to be Hals acquaintance but instead is trying to steal his glory. Similarly, the relationship with his father is very week to start. The king is very openly disgusted in his son and would prefer not to have him at all. However, later on in the play their relationship becomes much stronger, they have found faith in one another, the father has given the needed advice and the son has submissively accepted it. It seems that there has been a shift from Falstaff to Henry, as Hals relationship with Falstaff deteriorated his relationship with his father has progressed.

The first division is Selection Bias Essay Example for Free

The first division is Selection Bias Essay Bias is technically the deviation of the probable value of a chance variable from the resultant correct or consigned value (US NRC, 2007). It is the differentiation involving the experimental average of measurements held at repeated case and a reference value, or referred to as accuracy. Bias is calculated and articulated at a solitary position within the working array of the measurement system (Measurement Media, 2008) and is evident in the gathering of Retrospective accounts. Retrospective data are acquired through interviews and questionnaires. Conversely, prospective data are attained through the use of existing records taken from previous studies (ABC, 2008). There are three main divisions of bias. The first division is Selection Bias. Basically, selection bias takes place when the topics studied do not give proper body or representation of the target population about which end results are to be taken from (Coggon, Rose, Barker, 1997). In selection bias, when the involvement of exposure and alcoholism is dissimilar for those who finish a study evaluated with those who match the characteristics of the target population, the general population is selected; they are for which the measure of effect is being considered (Ibrahim, Alexander, Shy Farr, 1999). In a case study involving alcoholics, selection bias is characterized where those who volunteer to answer questionnaires may possess unlike character than the proposed individual in the target population. In the main, individuals who do not react to requests to be evaluated have different characteristics than responders. Bias will be established if the association between exposure and alcoholism differs between the results for the study volunteers and non-responders. The second division of bias is the Information Bias. This major type of bias comes to pass from errors in measuring exposure or alcoholism. In a study to calculate approximately the relative risk of alcohol intake and road accidents, associated with exposure to wines, beers and spirits, alcoholics were solicited for information about their contact and exposure with such substances before driving, and their responses were compared with those from control alcoholics. With this devise, there is a hazard that case, or variable, mothers, who are extremely goaded to find out what they drank the most in the expanse of the drinking session, might recollect memories of past contact more completely than the alcoholics from the control group. If that would be the case, a bias would product with a propensity to overstate risk estimates (Coggon, Rose, Barker, 1997). Recall Bias is included in this type of bias. Recall bias happens when a respondent is asked to relate to a particular topic, and they either exaggerate what information or rule out information they think isn’t appropriate for inclusion. Data could be inconsistent or flawed when epidemiological study results are deduced via retrospective data gathering (ABC, 2008). In the case of the alcoholics, recall bias might prove to be a threat. If an accident happens, and excessive alcohol consumption is taken as the culprit, the respondent might give out information on his account rendering a holier than thou rendition of what really happened before. Some might not say that they had been drinking before driving, while others might say that they had alcohol intake more than what was required. What I see in this is that these people are trying to protect their dignity as a person, and their revelations might be put up against their wills. Seeing as this is a threat, there might be a risk of imbalanced information and results gathered for this particular epidemiological study. In the planning of case studies, the evaluators must see to it that they include the recall bias of their respondents toward a particular topic, especially if they are employing a primary type of data gathering; using questionnaires, surveys and interviews. References 74. 4 Definitions. (2007). Online, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved on July 10, 2008 from http://www. nrc. gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part074/part074-0004. html Bias. (2008). Online, Measurement Databases for Industry and Science. Retrieved on July 10, 2008 from http://measurementdb. com/index. php? name=Sectionsreq=viewarticleartid=17page=1 Coggon, D. , Rose, G. Barker, DJP (1997). Epidemiology for the Uninitiated. Online, BMJ Publishing. Retrieved on July 10, 2008 from http://www. bmj. com/epidem/epid. 4. html Hassan, E. (2006). Recall bias can be a threat to retrospective and prospective research designs. Internet Journal of Epidemiology, 2(3), 4-4. Ibrahim, M. Alexander, L. Shy, C. Farr, S. (1999). Selection Bias. PDF File, ERIC Notebook. Retrieved on July 10, 2008 from http://www. durham. hsrd. research. va. gov/eric/notebook/ERICIssue08. pdf What is Recall Bias? (2008). Online, Abortion Breast Cancer (ABC). Retrieved on July 10, 2008 from http://www. abortionbreastcancer. com/bias/index. htm

School Development Planning Process | Research Study

School Development Planning Process | Research Study School Development Planning is an ongoing process that helps schools as complex communities to meet the dual challenge of enhancing quality and managing change. (DES, 1999:9, Online). In recent years schools started giving more thought to how the planning and management of change need to be taken more into account and carefully planned. Decentralisation, a common characteristic of quite a few of the national educational systems worldwide such as the USA, Canada, England and Wales (Anderson, 2005) and in Malaysia, Honk Kong, Singapore, China and Korea has opened doors to development and effectiveness in schools (Bolam, 2006:77). Over the years, the education scene in Malta has likewise witnessed a paradigm shift from an essentially centralised system to one that encourages self-government. One of the most effective implications of this shift is that of a systematic and whole school approach to development planning enhancing freedom [and] allowing institutions to shape the possibilities provided by greater autonomy (Lumby, 2007a:86). Moreover, Bush and Coleman, (2006) argue that, placed in a competitive environment, self-managing schools have to meet the students needs efficiently if they are to achieve survival and success. While increasing autonomy (Karstanje, 1999), self-managing schools are encouraged to shoulder more responsibilities and promote their own identity and character. One of the most beneficial implications of this shift is that a School Development Plan (SDP) can be tailored by the same school. Considering that, the Maltese Education Authorities are at present discussing at length the process and the implementation of a national reform in the education system, the topic seriously appears to be of great interest. This study may be expected to serve as an eye-opener to the strengths and weaknesses of the SDP being currently implemented at St.Helen Girls Secondary School. Consequently, the study might be envisaged to be an asset to the school, before it actually starts to negotiate the tailoring of a new SDP as will be suggested in the education reform to take place. The purpose of this study is to investigate the SDP as an effective tool to enhance appraisal and collegiality among the teaching staff and to promote improvement among the learners. The Literature review shall briefly justify the need for and the process of development planning in relation to what literature has to say about the subject. Furthermore, the following research questions will be discussed and analysed, mainly: What is the importance of a SDP to the school? How is the planning process carried out? Who is involved in the planning process? Is the SDP opening doors to school improvement? After conducting a case study through qualitative and quantitative research, an analysis will emerge, based on a questionnaire distributed to teachers and an open-ended interview with the Head of School. The research findings will be analysed and compared to the literature findings. Finally, suggestions will emerge in respect to what can be done in order to evaluate, maintain and/or change what has been done during the past seven years since development planning has started to be organised in an official way at St.Helen Girls Secondary School. Literature Review Introduction All schools should have a vision of where they hope to go and what they hope to achieve. This implies that a school plan should aim at leading the whole school community in the direction for improvement and growth. With its insistence on schools to have their own SDP, the Maltese National Minimum Curriculum (NMC) came into effect on the 1st of October 2000. Following is a brief description of the SDP both as a process as well as a product. It examines the concepts of development, improvement, collegiality and appraisal through effective planning. What is the importance of a SDP to the school? A school without planning is like a boat without a rudder. We cannot achieve goals unless we plan ways and means of getting there. (Bezzina, 1999:58) In order to keep on course, schools require a clear sense of direction, expressed in vision and mission statements and aims and objectives, as well as an effective strategic plan and good efficient action plans (DES, 1999, Online). The SDP can be a great asset to the school in various ways. Bezzina claims that it: helps in giving the school a sense of direction establishes aims and priorities identifies the needs to be done in order to bring about improvement identifies staff needs monitors the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process evaluates the success of the changes made, and implements any changes to the planning cycle (1999:35). The SDP is a means whereby the vision, believed by Jenkins to be the strategic intent which guides planning (1991:38), is transformed into reality through clear priorities, targets and actions. It is an instrument, through which schools are able to articulate their needs and also their priorities (Ministry of Education, 2001:14). Moreover, it is meant to indicate the institutions capacities and limitations and thus open doors to school improvement. An English publication defines the SDP in that: It will be based on the schools analysis of current levels of performance, its assessment of how current trends and future factors may impact on the school and set out priorities and targets for improvement for the period ahead. (DOE, 2005:1, Online). This implies that the concept underpinning a SDP is that each school would undertake, on an on-going basis, a limited number of small-scale development projects, which the staff identifies as significant priorities. The SDP has at its heart the learning of all students while raising standards of attainment. It is a process of learning and growth for all those involved in it. Moreover, it allows schools to organise their programmes of innovation and change with much greater efficiency and success (Hargreaves and Hopkins, 1991). Furthermore, the SDP is highly beneficial for schools since it is worked out by those who put their heads together in a common effort to develop a realistic strategy as to how the educational goals are to be reached (NMC:85). How is the process of School Development Planning carried out? The School Development Plan Initiative (SDPI) in Ireland considers the Mission, Vision and Aims of the plan to be the core of the SDP process (DES, 1999:16, Online). As depicted by Hargreaves and Hopkins (1991), Bezzina (1999) and Nathan, a SDP is made up of four stages, mainly: Audit when the school analyses its strengths and weaknesses and assesses its own needs Planning and decision making generation and evaluation of options Implementation putting the plan into action, and Evaluation checking the success of implementation and reviewing targets (1996:61) This entails that the SDP works in a cycle. Furthermore, the SDPI suggests three features through which the SDP is accomplished, mainly through: Initiation: where the school decides to embark on school development planning,  ensuring that there is commitment to it among members of staff and preparing for participation. Familiarisation: when the school community is learning how to carry out the whole process. Embedding: when school development Planning becomes part of the school life and of the normal way of doing things at school. (DOE, 1999, Online). The Irish Document (1999) further argues that the SDP process needs to be systematic, collaborative, ongoing, progressive, enhancing and flexible to work properly. It therefore involves a systematic approach to the planning work, which draws the whole school community together in shaping the schools future. This needs to be an on-going process, rooted in a school culture where policies and plans are continuously being developed, implemented, evaluated and revised according to the schools aims and the changes which continuously take place in the community. It is also flexible since it offers a framework for collaborative creativity and each school is free to adopt the framework to suit its own particular needs. Who is involved in the planning process? Nathan (1996) maintains that, to a large extent, the work entailed in the school plan is performed by the Head of school and the SMT. However, Bradley (1988) argues that a partnership in which people work together will lead to the successful achievement of their goals. This is also depicted in an English publication. The document highlights parental, pupil and staff involvement in the planning process as one of the factors that will help schools achieve high standards and improve the quality of learning and teaching (DOE, 2005:6, Online). Through partnership, the educational needs will be identified and action will be taken accordingly (DES, 1999:15, Online). Bradley (1988) further claims that partnerships are encouraged when they are willing to yield to some of their autonomy. Their sense of joint ownership strengthens and encourages partnership and is extended beyond the planning process into the actual implementation of the activity. Parent participation is seen as very important in schools. According to Braithwaite (1994) 22 Actions are involved in the Australians SDP process, among which is parental involvement. The NMC (2000) claims that parents should be seen as partners in the education of their children, so much that it believes in site-based curriculum development, where teachers and administrators can work alongside with parents and the local community to be able to respond to the needs of that particular school. In explaining how a shared vision is achieved, Lumby (2007a:89) holds that notwithstanding the principal leading the planning process, all staff [should] share in the re-creation and adjustment of vision. Furthermore, Jenkins considers staff involvement as the most useful part of the planning process (1991:38) in not only arriving at plans but also in raising the chances of their successful implementation (Lumby, 2007a:98). While being a threshold to school improvement, Newton and Tarrant declare that Evaluation needs the co-operation of the whole organisation to be effective and accurate. (1992:33). Is the School Development Plan opening doors to school improvement? Bush and Coleman say it quite simply: The origins of school development planning lie in the move towards school improvement and effectiveness (2006:75). The SDP enables the school community to develop a clear vision of what the school is about and where it is going, a shared sense of purpose, a common set of goals and consensus on the means of achieving them. It characterises the school as a learning organisation that focuses on meeting the professional needs of teachers in order to meet the educational needs of pupils. The Irish National Progress Report 2002, states that This focus is essential if SDP is to achieve its core purpose: school improvement. (DES, 2003:55, Online). As seen by Law and Glover (2000), school improvement is the result of a three-stage process: establishing targets, planning to attain them and finally monitoring and evaluating them. Moreover, studies conducted by Gray et al. lead an improving school to be measured and defined as one that increased in its effectiveness over time (1999:137). It is also worth mentioning that, an English publication states that Appraisal should support development planning and vice versa. (DES:1991) According to Jones (1993:12), improvement in the teaching and learning is guaranteed when appraisal is considered an integral part of the SDP. Likewise, through their research, Horne and Pearce maintain that integrating appraisal into the SDP resulted in a way of improving the quality of education for the pupils and of raising standards (1996:62). One reason to which Davies attributes an ineffective school is to the teachers lack of punctuality resulting from a low motivation that keeps the teachers lingering in the staffroom till the last minute (1994:35). This implies that lack of appraisal may lead to low motivation in teachers, which in turn will result in ineffectiveness. Furthermore, in discussing the issue about strategic planning, Sergiovanni compares the Traditional with the Alternative rule of planning. He suggests that the latter brings about school improvement in that it emphasizes first the means appraising people involved, then the ways allowing them to discern what needs to be done, and finally the ends in that they themselves will decide on and attain aims (2009:95). Conclusion Dalin and Rust believe that: A good school is one which itself learns; it is a learning school, a living institution that changes in order to remain an institution that stimulates learning. (1996:7) This implies that, the changes that take place in a school, must support the preservation of what has worked well in that school, to be able to give it stability and reputation. The schools SDP is a means of implementing change. It must, in the process, provide a way of dealing effectively with new developments so as to ensure school improvement whereby, all stakeholders are empowered to make decisions and engage in planning their own educational future. Investigation Introduction The first part of this section presents the aim and objectives of this study. Some methodological considerations are then examined. Subsequently, the research instruments are considered. Finally, this section gives an account of the ethical framework considered, the school context, the procedure and the data analysis used. The Aim and Objectives of this Research This research was undertaken in an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of the process of school development planning of the school under consideration. Also, the research project has more specific objectives, mainly to investigate: the importance of a SDP to the school how the process is carried out who is involved in the planning process whether the SDP is opening doors to school improvement. Methodological Considerations There are two approaches to academic research that can be adopted by a researcher quantitative and qualitative (Bell, 2008; Briggs and Coleman, 2007). In this study, an educational case study (Bassey, 2007:142) was used, conducted through both qualitative and quantitative research. According to Bassey, one of the strengths of case study research is that it is carried in its natural context [it] entails being where the action is (2007:143). The case study is aimed at improving educational action (Bassey, 2007:142) and which has theory seeking and theory testing as an end point (Basset, 2007:147). This leads to a theoretical structure that not only provides sound data and limits assumptions but also attempts to tease out why a situation is good, bad or mediocre (Bassey, 2007:154). In this research project, an interview with the Head of School was carried out in order to seek insights rather than statistical perceptions of the world (Bell, 2008:7). One should say that the major advantage of qualitative approach is adaptability (Bell, 2005:157) as it emphasises direct human experience. On the other hand, the major disadvantage is that it is time-consuming and generalisation is much more limited (Bell, 2005:157). In an attempt to take advantage from the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative approaches, Triangulation is used to cross-check findings (Bell, 2005:116). In this manner, the findings are compared in order to determine the accuracy of information (Bush, 2007:100) rendering them more reliable. The Research Instruments used for Data collection The Interview with the Head Teacher (HT) An approximately one hour-long unstructured interview was carried out with the HT. Although it takes a great deal of time to analyse, the unstructured interview was deemed best for this research as the interviewee is free to talk about what is of central significance (Bell, 2005; Ribbins, 2007). The interview consisted of ten questions aimed to elicit detailed information about the HTs personal view of the SDP, how the process is managed and who is involved to participate and whether the SDP is opening doors to school improvement (see Appendix 1). The face-to-face interview (Ribbins, 2007:212) served as a means of getting the real feelings of the HT, regarding the content, the process and the implementation of the SDP. The Teachers Questionnaire Quantitative research was also used in a questionnaire consisting of ten closed statements and one open-ended question (see Appendix 2). In order to select a group which is as representative as possible (Bell, 2005), stratified sampling was used (Fogelman and Comber, 2007). In fact, the questionnaire was distributed to eighteen teachers one teacher from every subject being taught. The respondents were asked to tick one of three options: Yes, No, or Do not know. Statements 1-8 were intended to investigate positive perceptions on the SDP while statements 9 and 10 were intended to bring to light any negative perceptions, if any. Moreover, an open-ended question was set in order to give the respondents the opportunity to give their personal views on SDP matters at school. This question placed each teacher in a position to reflect and answer freely, thus reducing the interviewer effects regarding emotionality and free response (Cohen et al., 2000). Procedure and Ethical Considerations An appointment was made with the HT of St.Helen School (a pseudonym used to maintain confidentiality) and the date for the interview was agreed. Permission to carry out the research was informal, due to the fact that the investigation was carried out in ones own institution. The interview with the HT was carried out onsite (Busher and James, 2007:110) and in the Heads office. At the beginning of the interview, the Head of school was shown the set of questions prepared for the interview as well as other relevant material that proved the interview was required for the research. Though very time-consuming to transcribe, the interview was recorded to ensure data collection and maintain eye contact with the interviewee (Bell, 2005). The HT was given assurance of confidentiality. It is also worth mentioning that the questionnaires were anonymised so as to assure protection to the participants. Moreover, the respondents were made aware of what the research was about and also of its purpose (Bell, 2005:156) (see Appendix 2). Consent for answering the questionnaires was granted freely and without force. The School Context The investigation was carried out at St. Helen Girls Secondary School one of the 22 church schools on the island operating at secondary level. A profile of the school is given in the Table below. ST.HELEN GIRLS SECONDARY SCHOOL PROFILE Year founded 1999 Secretary Clerk Affiliation Church Librarian Student Admission Feeder Area Counsellor Student Population 364 Guidance Teacher Number of Classes 15 Spiritual Director Average Class size 24 Pastoral Care Team No. of Assistant Heads 2 Discipline Team Teaching Staff 37 P.T.A. Classroom Support Staff 4 Student Council Ancillary Staff 3 Eco School Council Table 1: School Profile Conclusion This section has served the purpose of describing and giving an explanation for the methodology used in carrying out this research supported with all the necessary ethical issues arising from the same research. Following is an analysis of the findings that emerged from the investigation. Analysis Introduction This section includes the significant features that emerge from the Teachers Questionnaire as well as the Head Teachers Interview. Both research tools were based on the following research questions: What is the importance of a SDP to the school? How is the process of development planning carried out? Who is involved in the planning process? Is the SDP opening doors to school improvement? The presentation and discussion of the findings that follow, aim at providing answers to these questions. Presentation of Findings Teachers Questionnaire The questionnaire, consisting of ten statements and one open-ended question was distributed to 18 teachers. All questionnaires were collected. Following are the results for statements 1-10 of the questionnaire. Open-ended question The teachers questionnaire ended with an open-ended question asking the respondents to comment in general about the SDP at their school. Only 6 (33.3%) out of 18 respondents answered this question. Four respondents agreed that the SDP is of utmost importance both for the teaching staff as well as for the students improvement. They claim that at their school, the SDP is discussed thoroughly most especially during the Staff Development Days. However, they argue that it is hardly mentioned during the rest of the scholastic year. Another respondent states that more time should be allocated to see if everything planned has been carried out, and if not, why. Similarly, another respondent argued that the SDP should be more carefully monitored and evaluated, and that while it is frequently very cautiously planned, however, it is not adequately implemented. The Head Teachers Interview Following is a summary of the Head Teachers responses to the Interview (see Appendix 1). The Head Teacher (HT) of the school under investigation holds that the SDP conducted since 2002 plays a very important role in the life of every school. Asked about who is involved in the process, the HT mentioned various stakeholders. Regarding the process, the HT states that it takes place in different stages. The difficulties encountered during the process are time and the staffs interest and cooperation. However, since the latter has become an annual process, nearly all teachers help in formulating objectives and action plans. The HT declares that the SDP definitely provides a framework for evaluation and improvement; otherwise it will be of no value. Finally the HT expressed her hopes that the SDP will lead to open wide the doors to school improvement. Analysing the Findings The following section is an attempt to go into the main concerns and interests raised during research. After being collected and classified, the research findings will be discussed and analysed in relation to the research questions and compared to the literature review. What is the importance of a SDP to the school? As shown in Table 2, all 18 teachers interviewed consider the SDP as important to their institution. Moreover, in an attempt to answer the open-ended question at the end of the questionnaire, one teacher claims that the SDP is of utmost importance both for the teaching staff as well as for the students improvement. As suggested by Bezzina (1999), another teacher claims that the SDP is important to enhance the students potential and that it must be used to tackle all their needs. While Bezzina acknowledges that a SDP encourages team effort (1999:37), the Irish document holds that it is a great benefit to the whole school community (DES, 1999, Online). Similarly, the HT holds that: It is a great opportunity to enhance teamwork, collaboration and collegiality among the whole school community, that is, the Senior Management Team, the staff, the students and their parents, and all those who rightly give their share. (Interview with HT). Also, this implies that the style of leadership of the HT at St.Helen is participative (Coleman, 2005a:18), as the issue of decision-making is shared with other stakeholders. Moreover, the HT confirms what is suggested in the DES document (1999, Online), mainly that the SDP gives the teachers a sense of direction as They all know what the school is after (Interview with HT). Who is involved in the process? Bezzina claims that A SDP calls for a co-ordinated effort, a belief in each others worth, and a sincere willingness to work together to achieve set goals (1999:36) Similarly, Lumby maintains that even though the principal may lead in the process, all staff is responsible for the recreation and adjustment of vision on a daily basis (2007a:89). This is evident at St.Helen, so much that the HT mentions the following as stakeholders: Staff Members, P.T.A Members, Ladies Circle, the School Handyman, Parents, Students Council and Students. Moreover the participation of groups such as the Pastoral Team, The Green/Eco-School Team and Discipline Team is encouraged. The HT claims that, All these groups give their contribution. Different meetings are held with different groups on different topics; they all do their utmost to achieve goals. (Interview with HT) Teachers Participation Although The Principal plays a prominent role in the leadership and management of the planning process (DES, 1999:26, Online) 83.3% of the questionnaire responses claim that teachers participation is encouraged in the planning process. Researchers like Bush and Coleman (2006) and Lumby (2007b) hold that the involvement of staff might cause difficulties. However, Early (2007) maintains that staff involvement in becoming increasingly important for school success. Moreover, the above mentioned Irish document states that The whole-hearted participation of the teaching staff is crucial to the success of the planning process and that the whole staff should be actively involved to enable all members of staff to participate in discussion and decision-making (DES, 1999:27, Online). In fact, 55.6% of the responses show that the teaching staff is committed to the SDP. Also, this implies that the staff should be made aware of what the SDP is, why it is inevitable and how it is to be organised. If not, there will be the risk of having staff members who are uninterested, sceptical of the whole process and determined to resist change (Lumby, 2007b:97). In fact, this might be the case with a couple of teachers who joined the school only recently and who in the questionnaire (11.1%) expressed their doubt whether the SDP is threatening to the school or not, while another (5.6%) does not know whether or not the SDP is an added burden to the school (see Table 11). This implies that while the rest of the respondents (94.4%) are rooted in the three features constituting the SDP process (DOE, 1999, Online), these newly recruited teachers are not. According to the HT, the teachers are called in for SDP consultation through questionnaires and also on Staff Development Days. In addition to this, some teachers volunteer to work together in teams and in collaboration with the SMT in order to analyse audit results as well as to prioritise and draw strategic plans (Interview with HT). The response of 83.3% of the respondents shows that at St.Helen teacher participation is quite evident. Nevertheless, the HT feels that some teachers still need to be reminded to give their contribution. Also worth mentioning is the fact that, once a month or twice in a term, the HT holds subject meetings with teachers in order to sustain continuity and on-going monitoring (Interview with HT). Parent Participation Epstein (1992) states that parental involvement is an asset to their childs education in that the school equips them with the necessary tools to help them. While learning more about educational programmes they also get familiar with how the school functions. The NMC also holds that parents or guardians should be involved as partners in their childrens education (NMC 1999:31). Although this idea is confirmed by the HT, however it is not so in style with 44.4% of the teachers who have doubts as to whether or not the SDP has brought about greater parental involvement (see Table 8). This also implies that the teachers at St.Helen are not yet embedded with parental involvement in the SDP process (DOE, 1999, Online). Student Participation The HT believes that feedback from students is an essential input to the school (Interview with HT) so much that Hargreaves holds that they play an active role in implementing the plan and have an interest in the outcomes (1989:17). This implies that the students are to be involved throughout the whole process. This is likely so at St.Helen where the SMT takes into great consideration any suggestions proposed by the student council especially when they have to do with any aspect of the SDP. Also, a questionnaire is distributed annually to the students so as to ascertain their views (DES, 1999, Online). How is the process of development planning carried out? The HT gave very vivid and clear explanations of how the school goes about the process of development planning. As expressed in the Irish document (DES, 1999, Online), the HT maintains that it takes place at different stages, mainly at three Staff Development Days together with monthly afternoon staff meetings. On such days, the teachers are grouped according to their subject, interest or specialisation, and so they are more motivated to contribute to the discussions which usually focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the targets implemented. From these elements, decisions are taken as to what the school will be tackling as aims. Moreover, these meetings offer the SMT and the Staff an ideal opportunity to audit and evaluate progress. Furthermore, the HT asserts that, speakers who are authority on different subjects as well as Personnel from the Education Department also give their contribution during these meetings. Most of the teachers feel a sense of ownership and commitment when carrying out the SDP tasks assigned to them. This emerges quite plainly in the questionnaire with 83.3% of the respondents considering the SDP to be an on-going process while 55.6% believing that the school community is motivated to implement plans. According to the HT, the SDP establishes a clear programme to follow; it defines targets, implements strategies, time limits, necessary resources and evaluation procedures. Similar to what Hargreaves and Hopkins (1991), Nathan (1996), Bezzina (1999), the Irish document (DES, 1999, Online), and Bush and Coleman (2006) suggest, the HT identifies four main processes to SDP in St.Helen, mainly, the Audit, Construction, Implementation and Evaluation. This implies that St.Helen Girls Secondary is meeting the standards that are required by the SDP. Is the SDP opening doors to school improvement? Sammons, Khamis and Coleman state that The normal measurement of effectiveness is usually to do with better than expected academic outcomes (2005:137). Consequently, 77.8% of the questionnaire responses show that the SDP promotes improvement among students. Following are three positive outcomes in addition to the acquisition of examination results (Ouston, 1999:176) and as elicited from the HTs interview, in which the process to SDP implemented at St.Helen proves to be fruitful in being effective and in bringing about improvement. Improving the attitude towards Literature Literature is Fun is one of the target-titles listed for implementation in this years SDP. The HT argues that after finding that Literature and Culture of Languages was weakening, the management provided a Literature Room, which h

The Effects of Divorce on Children :: essays research papers

The Effects of Divorce on Children Divorce is a process that many people in America go through. The divorce rate continues to escalate over the years. Divorce is a serious problem, it is a gradual process that ultimately results in families breaking up. There are various factors in which a marriage can fail and end up in divorce. Some skip the step of trying to reconcile things and make it work. In some cases it is easy for a divorce to take place. For instance, in cases where both parties are in agreement and have no children it is easier to handle a divorce. But in the cases where children are present, what happens to the kids? Both parents are at each others throats or one is devastated from the rejection, what role does the child play? It is a hard thing to cope with as an adult imagine as a little one or even a teenager, it affects them in more ways than anyone can imagine. It can affect them both physically and emotionally. The effects of divorce are immense, it permanently weakens the bond or relationship betwe en a child and his parents. Can lead to them reaching out or looking to others for attention, causing poor attitudes, low self esteem, dropping grades, loss of virginity, use of drugs and or weapons, or in some cases mutilation of the body. There are various effects that children have to deal with that maybe extremely hard to cope with. One parent may say one thing yet the other disagrees and makes it impossible for the child to have a stable relationship with both of them. Children need both biological parents at their side to be guardians and counselors in their lives, to be examples of what they need to do to become outstanding citizens in our community.

U.S. foreign policy from 1890-1914 Essay -- essays research papers

McKinley’s presidency starting in 1896 restored American prosperity through the use of higher tariffs and the return to a gold standard. Foreign nations became dependent on the United States’ prosperity because economic problems, such as crop failures, were affecting their stability. This along with many other factors developed America’s strong sense of nationalism. The concept of social Darwinism was applied not only to domestic concerns, but to foreign concerns as well. Americans felt that their previous abilities to empower themselves over the Native Americans set as a precedent for their capability to influence foreign nations. America looked beyond its borders for new markets because after the closing of the frontier, a fear of possible resource depletion swept through the nation. America’s desire to colonize foreign nations was driven by economic intentions especially in Hawaii and Samoa, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States’ involvement in trade with China made the importance of Hawaii and the Samoan islands evident. These islands acted as a stop for ships in the midst of their journey to Asia. American influence on the islands existed by America’s growing population settling there. For these two reasons, the United States’ navy looked at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as a permanent naval base and Pago Pago in Samoa. American settlers in Hawaii gradually drew the power away from Hawaiian leaders causing struggles for power. King Kamehameha b... U.S. foreign policy from 1890-1914 Essay -- essays research papers McKinley’s presidency starting in 1896 restored American prosperity through the use of higher tariffs and the return to a gold standard. Foreign nations became dependent on the United States’ prosperity because economic problems, such as crop failures, were affecting their stability. This along with many other factors developed America’s strong sense of nationalism. The concept of social Darwinism was applied not only to domestic concerns, but to foreign concerns as well. Americans felt that their previous abilities to empower themselves over the Native Americans set as a precedent for their capability to influence foreign nations. America looked beyond its borders for new markets because after the closing of the frontier, a fear of possible resource depletion swept through the nation. America’s desire to colonize foreign nations was driven by economic intentions especially in Hawaii and Samoa, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States’ involvement in trade with China made the importance of Hawaii and the Samoan islands evident. These islands acted as a stop for ships in the midst of their journey to Asia. American influence on the islands existed by America’s growing population settling there. For these two reasons, the United States’ navy looked at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as a permanent naval base and Pago Pago in Samoa. American settlers in Hawaii gradually drew the power away from Hawaiian leaders causing struggles for power. King Kamehameha b...

Teens and Sex - Sex in the New Millinium :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Sex in the New Millinium    References to sexuality and sexual activities seem s to surround the American public in everything we do. Movies, music, the Bible, religion and politics are all related to sexuality and sexual activities in one way or another.    MTV, the first 24-hour music network, has been structured around youths ranging from the age of 12 to 34. In fact 28% of their viewership is under the age of 18. You ask why bring MTV into something sexual? Well, the music videos shown tend to center their theme on gender portrayal sand sexual or violent content. Women are portrayed as passive characters and sexual objects. 81% of the videos that contain violence also contain sexual imagery. Some videos that contain certain lyrics and actions about sexuality and sexual behavior can encourage a na†¹ve child to do something that they should not be doing. So why do producers keep making videos that are so harmful to our youth? They do this because sexual imagery increases the appeal of the music videos. Certainly, the language of music videos includes a variety of symbols and images.    For any individual, regardless of sexual inclination, to embrace the vague sexual desires is to claim a nature that God never intended for us. On the other hand, to make sharp distinctions among human beings, in terms of à ¾homosexuals and heterosexualsà ¾, is underestimating how permanently self-referential and self-absorbed our society is. How does the church feel about sexuality? A individual is not born à ¾gayà ¾ or à ¾straightà ¾ they are born à ¾maleà ¾ or à ¾femaleà ¾. The church of the 90à ¾s has accepted the gay community for whom they are and what they believe in. However, they feel that God did not create them with these ideas in mind. The gays just acquired them from society.    Something that I came across time and time again as I researched sexuality was what is the main influence on someone that helps them decide their sexuality and their sexual actions? Through research, it seems as though our society is convinced that parents and the educational system must interact with young children and teach them about sex. By instilling strong morals and values in our children, parents feel that they will make the à ¾rightà ¾ decisions when it comes to anything sexual. But who is the one to decide what is à ¾rightà ¾ and what is à ¾wrongà ¾.

Education and Classroom

Running head: STUDENT DIVERSITY 1 Student Diversity and Classroom Management Kelly Shipley Grand Canyon University EDU 450 March 17, 2013 STUDENT DIVERSTY AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT2 Student Diversity and Classroom Management When teaching middle school age student’s classroom management is an important aspect in the educational process, there are so many changes going on within the middle school student classroom, management is important to have control and success in the classroom. There are a multitude of strategies to help manage the middle school classroom.In this paper I will list five different strategies of classroom management. There are many challenges within the middle school classroom and knowing what strategies to use to keep control and management can be difficult at times. With the diversity of children in the classroom changes may need to be made. Some strategies may not work in one classroom but work well in another. â€Å"Classroom management refers to those a ctivities of classroom teachers that create a positive classroom climate within which effective teaching and learning can occur (Martin & Sugarman, p. 1993)†. The first strategy is keeping the lesson moving. Don’t just lecture for the whole class period. Find engaging ways to keep the students motivated. If you have a classroom of seventh grade English students, lecturing the entire class period would not benefit nor would it keep the attention of the students. Instead engaging the students with hands on activities would keep the learning process going and would alleviate some disruption in the classroom. Keeping consistency in the classroom is another great strategy to implement in the middle school classroom.Middle school students need consistency to keep control of them. Developing and maintaining a set of classroom rules will keep disruptive students at bay. Middle STUDENT DIVERSTY AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT2 School classrooms need to be structured and rules need to b e set and followed on an everyday basis. By keeping up with the classroom rules and never slacking will help students become responsible in their own self-discipline. When there is disruption in the classroom knowing what to do immediately will help detour any other disruptions that may occur.For instance if you have a middle school student that consistently talks during class time and is disruptive to other students, knowing what to do immediately will keep the class moving successfully. Kellie Hayden author of Top Five Classroom Management Strategies states â€Å"when students are being disruptive by talking, poking, pulling or crumpling up paper, go stand by them, this sends a direct message to stop what they are doing. Most of the time they stop and go back to work (Hayden, 2010)†.Getting to know your students is a helpful way in managing your classroom. Knowing who your students are will help you as a teacher know what is going on with your students. For example; you hav e a seventh grade student whose parent is terminally ill with cancer. For the past few weeks you have seen a change in attitude, and class performance in this student. The student seems withdrawn and has not turned in the past few assignments. Knowing the students family situation is helpful in knowing how to handle this situation.By knowing the students background will help in knowing if you the problem you see can be handled in the classroom by you the teacher or if you should seek outside help for your student. The last classroom strategy is probably the most important after the events that have happened this year. I think that classroom safety is very important in the learning process. If a student doesn’t feel safe in the classroom the learning process ceases. As a teacher it is important STUDENT DIVERSTY AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT4 hat students in your classroom feel safe and know that your classroom is secure for them to learn. With all the school shootings that have hap pened this past year, students all around the county have the need for safety in their home schools. As a teacher it is your responsibility to maintain a safe learning environment for your students. Keeping classroom doors locked is one way to maintain classroom safety. Not allowing objects that can be used as weapons in the classroom is another way to maintain safety.Making sure that your students know the rules of safety not only in the classroom but in the school as well will maintain the learning process and make sure that students can successfully learn. As I stated earlier there are so many strategies for classroom management and not all strategies may work in your classroom, but knowing which strategies do work and making sure that you keep a routine and consistency in the classroom will provide a successful learning environment for the students that are in your classroom and control among the students as well.STUDENT DIVERSTY AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT5 Resources Hayden, K. (2 010). Top Five Classroom Management Strategies-They Really Work. Retrieved on March 15, 2013 http://www. brighthubeducation. com Martin, J. & Sugarman, J. (1993). Models of Classroom Management, Second Edition. Bellingham, Washington: Temeron Books Inc.

Creative Writing Workshop for Public High Schools

fancifulness is a lifelike gift that one possesses eventide from his or her birth and which requires constant lend oneself or exercise and continued evolution for it to remain spirited and change for the better. Organizing and implementing an efficient store on yeasty committal to opus depart be beneficial to a particular group of people targeted to be wholesome-informed on how to write poor and long stories as well as narratives. This Creative piece of constitution shop was special eachy designed and programmed for public eminent natural spring lessons assimilators across the country because of the small date and appreciation of seminal physical composition.This activity withal aims to relieve oneself authorship and reading a beneficial act, if not a pass habit, for the said students and ultimately make creating committal to indite and reading a requirement in public lavishly enlightens curriculum. This Creative indite Workshop and Activities in Uni ted commonwealth is for public lavishly naturalize while nurture students with versatile interests such as intellectual institutions, commercial enterprise, the liberal arts, natural and social sciences and other run which leave alone suit ones alternative.Whether the mettlesome give lessons student is just beginning or already a flavour author and just like to extend his or her notional writing in refreshful perspective, this mulish executeshop is programmed to offer a sense and appreciation of different genres. We atomic number 18 in charge of a broad(a) scope of originative writing and literature. Our all(prenominal) year programme and production of matters that includes a website, a range of modern inventive writing references, and internet sites showcase originative writing versions, details on modern yeasty writers and an online reading associations.Our latest preference and the centralise of areas of activities are the promotion and development of yeasty writing for young people such as superior school students in public heights schools. This is because these soon-to-be creative writing students, when properly groomed and guided, forget emphatically represent an advance level in the evolution of their group. This new breed of creative writers whitethorn re government agency coffee and computer houses with conference venues and lead expect first-string and above aver mature paychecks in the future.Further more(prenominal), this store delegates that participants from public auxiliary institutions result eventually turn to be more advantageous in their writing development compared with their counterparts in the private steep schools. Patterned from the Brighton, Englands THE SOUTH, a writers network and literary arts part whose service includes creative writing, this Creative Writing Workshop was volunteerd for the use of public high school students. This particular program lead be spearheaded by professional cre ative and literary writer who are seasoned in dealing with young people.Types of Workshop The literary genre of Poetry, creative writing and reading or skill shop classs and activities that exit help a public high school student is the composition of this example of plant lifehop. The store will concentrate on particular writers, or specific literary genres, or ab kayoed genres, or on various topics or demands which include the natural science, the aspect of safe reproduction practice, family aspect, teachers (or the stylus of teaching), substance abuse, neighborhood crime and racialism.In particular, the workshop will deal with specific or single workshops or a scope of actions as part of the Creative Writing Week as well as a combination of a media and transverse art form workshops to remonstrate ones creativeness utilizing ones literary or evince statements celebration. Ones writing techniques and skill will be developed and improved by employing a curriculum which will f ocus on creative reading and writing workshops and where every public high school students needs outhouse be addressed.Additionally, the workshop will touch on creative writing classes for faculty members, pack-support military group and specific public school cortege associates. Meanwhile, the plan study includes the Writers-in-Residence Project which will give the participants in force(p) creative writing skills and techniques, the pleasure of discovering oneself, and a memor chequerting and round-fruited experience with the writing procedures. The said objectify is a five-month program immersing public high school students in the reasoning, imagining, and creation of thoughts that composes a powerful creative writing work.The go steady is capable to concerned and interested secondary students who ask presented a unique susceptibility and skill and interested in move on them to gain a full-length and publish works. This Writer-in-Residence programme eases the work o f a creative writer both in practical and financial aspects. The position give the gate be practiced from 6 months up to a year. During this time the writer is inspired to create another creative writing that may be presented when the residency ends.The residency in a way helps or returns something to the conjunction where he or she stayed such as workshop activities, writers associations, and conception of creative work invigorated by the community. The residency invites all creative writers, published or not, heedless of race, religion, nationality, age, professional experience, sexual preference, are of residence, or economic status. All residents are chosen primarily on the aspect of the nameless details and writing samples provided in their applications.For more information on the selection process, enchant see ____. Workshop schedule (day and venue) The group is glad to work in a manner that best fits ones preference and gibe to the day, time, and venue that work for th e high school participant. The various activities within the workshop arsehole be done in ones school venue, secondary institution or centre. It rump also be calculateed at a different place such as a depository area, art gallery, diachronic dwelling, or place for travelers. The workshops theme can be developed according to the preference of the venue.This can be scheduled during the outcome when high school students are on their term paper or dissemble processing, during holidays, and in time of normal or off school and office hours. The workshop can also gather functions for dwarfish group (maximum of 10 high school students) in a designated Workshop room at any public high school. Participants including the faculty members can engage in our regular programme of control surface workshops and may join our socialization plan. Rationale of the workshop Generally, people are conscious of the position that communication, particularly that is intended for print, is personally have by a specific person.However, others regard books and print materials as unrealistic to incinerate ones creativity or they fail to enrapture ones vision. This is because they find that they do not have the time to attest to their own article of faith of creative writing. Purpose of the workshop by this workshop, we aim that any public high school student, regardless of his or her age and heritage, could have the opportunity to be enable and enriched by creative writing. For them to be able to show their real personalities, either verbally or in print, and deal with their ideas and emotion.We intend that the participants will have the ingeniousise to introduce language and own their own works and to build and search their respective attributes. We make a harmless area where high school students expressions get a throw out for them to enjoy the written and verbal creative writings and for the said participants to get out of their comfort zones and emerge as expert creat ive writers. Effect of the workshop transaction and being into a work place with professional and seasoned creative writers will definitely have a compel effect on the participants, both the high school students and their teachers.Getting away from the traditionalistic method of learning, the participants will have the come some to experience and search for examples of good and effective creative writing. The workshop will open an opportunity and lead the participants to the force of creative writing as well as reading and make himself or herself as someone with authority who can rush others about the beauty of creative writing without antagonizing the audience. Aside from the high school students, their teachers can also benefit as they will emerge renewed with fresh thoughts on the process of creative writing.Procedure For this workshop, we propose a procedure that will establish that students will get maximum benefits from the activities in terms of creative arousal, self-ma nifestation, mentoring, learning details, self-esteem and topic productions. We will invite practitioners in the field of creative writing as the resource speakers or facilitators of the workshop. The speakers will conduct theoretical discussions to be followed by open forum where the participants and the speakers can discuss the merits of the activities.The participants will also be given time to apply the workshops principles and theories. Requirement and result The workshop will necessitate careful study of particular requirement and result and will request participants to accomplish a follow/report paper. Then, we will eventually give an acceptable and flexible workshop plan with appropriate recommendations. Since seeing a creative work put into print meat accomplishment and boost to ones ability, the workshop proposes the provision of all required assistance for essential performance in the activities and eventual publication of the works.These may include the plan and pu blication of participants collection of creative writing cover and their video presentation. Similar successful workshops productive workshops with similar programs involving creative writing, literary/ poetry recital, video productions of dance and street arts workshops as well as in museums and galleries at different public high schools and communities are found in Hove, Sussex and the second of England and those creative writing and drawing workshops at Brighton.Price of the workshop The workshop charges a minimum of ?500. However, for the specific requirement of a particular group of high school students, we will request them to contact us for a detailed costing so that the financial proposal will fit into your project. For inquiries, you can reach us at (proposed name, contact numbers and online information about the organization facilitating the creative writing workshop).

Coke Zero Essay

1. Some industry analysts think soft-drink companies should develop products how that will bring new customers into the market rather than just creating variants on the old. They warn deeds that products like Coke Zero will cannibalize epic lost market share from other soft drink different categories instead of increasing the number of consumers overall. Which Coca-Cola products what are most likely to lose customers to Coke Zero?Since hot Coke Zero is targeting Men, I think that medical regular Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, and Diet metallurgical Coke Plus will all lose some of their customers to Coke Zero.So as a consequence, it was born.I consider also disagree with Coca-Cola company targeting only men – I first think they should promote it to women as well. They really do have a great affect when the word â€Å"zero† is in it’s name. Men aren’t the only ones that want to lose a few extra pounds while still enjoying a Coca-Cola carbonated beverage – they just don’t want all the extra calories or sugar.3.Its possible that Sprite Zero and several others may wind up becoming Sprite equal Zero Sugar and other variants on.

Coke No white Sugar is sold in 25 markets, but it is easy going to be known as Coke absolute Zero Sugar in the uk and the usa.Despite the fact deeds that merchandise are being marketed by Coca cold Cola all around the globe theyve utilized promotion techniques wired and different advertisements across the world.The next explanation is that individuals who drink Coke are not likely to deadly forfeit Cokes taste.Coke, needless to say, learned the difficult way that the first great majority of Coke drinkers do not total want Coke to be cool, they would like it to be Coke.

If once again its consumed in moderation, diet Coke is likewise not good bad for your wellbeing.Both Coke Zero and fat Diet Coke will nevertheless be available.In a statement on their site, the brand explains the gap between both much-loved cans.Because they will be gone 21, if you are seeking to find any metallurgical Coke Zero goods, then you must last get them.