Facts and History of Kazahkstan

Realities and History of Kazahkstan Capital: Astana, populace 390,000 Significant Cities: Almaty, pop. 1.3 million Shymkent, 455,000 Taraz, 398,000 Pavlodar, 355,000 Oskemen, 344,000 Semey, 312,000 Kazakhstans Government Kazakhstan is ostensibly a presidential republic, in spite of the fact that truth be told, it is an autocracy. The president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been in office since before the fall of the Soviet Union, and apparatuses decisions routinely. Kazakhstans parliament has a 39-part Senate, and a 77-part Majilis or lower house. Sixty-seven individuals from the Majilis are famously chosen, however up-and-comers come distinctly from genius government parties. The gatherings choose the other ten. Every territory and the urban areas of Astana and Almaty select two congresspersons each; the last seven are delegated by the president. Kazakhstan has a Supreme Court with 44 appointed authorities, just as area and investigative courts. Populace of Kazakhstan Kazakhstans populace is around 15.8 million starting at 2010. Surprisingly for Central Asia, most of Kazakh residents live in urban territories. Truth be told, 54% of the populace live in urban communities and towns. The biggest ethnic gathering in Kazakhstan is the Kazakhs, who make up 63.1% of the populace. Next are the Russians, at 23.7%. Littler minorities incorporate Uzbeks (2.8%), Ukrainians (2.1%), Uyghurs (1.4%), Tatars (1.3%), Germans (1.1%), and small populaces of Belarusians, Azeris, Poles, Lithuanians, Koreans, Kurds, Chechens and Turks. Dialects The state language of Kazakhstan is Kazakh, a Turkic language, spoken by 64.5% of the populace. Russian is the official language of business and is the most widely used language among every single ethnic gathering. Kazakh is written in the Cyrillic letters in order, a relic of Russian mastery. President Nazarbayev has proposed changing to the Latin letter set yet later withdrawn the recommendation. Religion For quite a long time under the Soviets, religion was formally prohibited. Since autonomy in 1991, be that as it may, religion has made an amazing rebound. Today, just about 3% of the populace are non-devotees. 70% of Kazakhstans residents are Muslim, for the most part Sunni. Christians make up 26.6% of the populace, generally Russian Orthodox, with littler quantities of Catholics and different Protestant groups. There are likewise little quantities of Buddhists, Jews, Hindus, Mormons and Bahai. Geology Kazakhstan is the ninth biggest nation on the planet, at 2.7 million square kilometers in territory (1.05 million square miles). Around 33% of that zone is dry steppeland, while a great part of the remainder of the nation is prairies or sandy desert. Kazakhstan verges on Russia toward the north, China toward the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan toward the south. It likewise verges on the Caspian Sea toward the west. The most noteworthy point in Kazakhstan is Khan Tangiri Shyngy, at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). The absolute bottom is Vpadina Kaundy, at 132 meters underneath ocean level (- 433 feet). Atmosphere Kazakhstan has a dry mainland atmosphere, implying that winters are very cold and summers are warm. Lows can hit - 20Â °C (- 4Â °F) in the winter and snow is normal. Summer highs can arrive at 30Â °C (86Â °F), which is very mellow contrasted and neighboring nations. Economy Kazakhstans economy is the most beneficial among the previous Soviet Stans, with an expected 7% yearly development rate for 2010. It has solid assistance and mechanical areas, and farming contributes just 5.4% of GDP. The per capita GDP of Kazakhstan is $12,800 US. Joblessness is simply 5.5%, and 8.2% of the populace live beneath the destitution line. (CIA figures) Kazakhstan sends out oil based goods, metals, synthetic concoctions, grain, fleece, and meat. It imports hardware and food. The cash of Kazakhstan is the tenge. As of May, 2011, 1 USD 145.7 tenge. History of Kazakhstan The zone that is currently Kazakhstan was settled by people a huge number of years prior, and was ruled by an assortment of traveling people groups over that time length. DNA proof recommends that the pony may have first been trained in this locale; apples additionally advanced in Kazakhstan, and afterward were spread to different regions by human cultivators. In noteworthy occasions, such people groups as the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Kyrgyz, the Gokturks, the Uyghurs and the Karluks have managed the steppes of Kazakhstan. In 1206, Genghis Khan and the Mongols vanquished the territory, administering it until 1368. The Kazakh individuals met up under the initiative of Janybek Khan and Kerey Khan in 1465, making another individuals. They applied authority over what is presently Kazakhstan, considering themselves the Kazakh Khanate. The Kazakh Khanate went on until 1847. During the mid sixteenth century, the Kazakhs had the foreknowledge to align themselves with Babur, who went on to establish the Mughal Empire in India. By right off the bat in the seventeenth century, the Kazakhs as often as possible ended up at war with the ground-breaking Khanate of Bukhara, toward the south. The two khanates battled about control of Samarkand and Tashkent, two of the significant Silk Road urban areas of Central Asia. By the mid-eighteenth century, the Kazakhs were confronting infringement from Tsarist Russia toward the north and from Qing China in the east. So as to battle off the compromising Kokand Khanate, the Kazakhs acknowledged Russian assurance in 1822. The Russians managed through manikins until the demise of Kenesary Khan in 1847â and at that point applied direct control over Kazakhstan. The Kazakhs opposed their colonization by the Russians. Somewhere in the range of 1836 and 1838, the Kazakhs ascended under the administration of Makhambet Utemisuly and Isatay Taymanuly, however they couldn't lose Russian mastery. A much progressively genuine endeavor drove by Eset Kotibaruli transformed into an enemy of pioneer war that would last from 1847, when the Russians forced direct control, through 1858. Little gatherings of roaming Kazakh warriors faced running conflicts with the Russian Cossacks, just as with different Kazakhs aligned with the Tsars powers. The war cost several Kazakh lives, regular people just as warriors, yet Russia made a few concessions to Kazakh requests in the 1858 harmony settlement. During the 1890s, the Russian government started to settle a great many Russian ranchers onto Kazakh land, separating the field and meddling with conventional migrant examples of life. By 1912, in excess of 500,000 Russian homesteads spotted Kazakh lands, uprooting the wanderers and causing mass starvation. In 1916, Tsar Nicholas II requested the induction of all Kazakh and other Central Asian men to battle in World War I. This enrollment request started the Central Asian Revolt, wherein a great many Kazakhs and other Central Asians were slaughtered, and several thousand fled to western China or Mongolia. In the bedlam following the Communist takeover of Russia in 1917, the Kazakhs held onto their opportunity to affirm their autonomy, setting up the fleeting Alash Orda, a self-ruling government. Be that as it may, the Soviets had the option to retake control of Kazakhstan in 1920. After five years, they set up the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Kazakh SSR), with its capital at Almaty. It turned into a (non-self-sufficient) Soviet republic in 1936. Under Joseph Stalins rule, the Kazakhs and other Central Asians endured horrendously. Stalin forced constrained villagization on the rest of the migrants in 1936, and collectivized agribusiness. Accordingly, more than one million Kazakhs kicked the bucket of starvation, and 80% of their valuable domesticated animals died. Indeed, the individuals who had the option attempted to escape into common war attacked China. During World War II, the Soviets utilized Kazakhstan as a dumping ground for possibly rebellious minorities, for example, Germans from the western edge of Soviet Russia, Crimean Tatars, Muslims from the Caucasus, and Poles. What little food the Kazakhs had was extended again, as they attempted to take care of these destitute new-comers. Around half of the deportees passed on of starvation or malady. After World War II, Kazakhstan turned into the least dismissed of the Central Asian Soviet Republics. Ethnic Russians overflowed into work in industry, and Kazakhstans coal mineshafts helped flexibly vitality to the entirety of the USSR. The Russians likewise fabricated one of their significant space program locales, the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan. In September of 1989, an ethnic-Kazakh legislator named Nursultan Nazarbayev turned into the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, supplanting an ethnic-Russian. On December 16, 1991, the Republic of Kazakhstan proclaimed its autonomy from the disintegrating survives from the Soviet Union. The Republic of Kazakhstan has a developing economy, thanks in enormous part to its stores of petroleum derivatives. It has privatized a great part of the economy, however President Nazarbayev keeps up a KGB-style police stateâ and rigs races. (He got 95.54% of the vote in April 2011 presidential decisions.) The Kazakh individuals have made some amazing progress since 1991, yet they have some separation to go yet before they are really liberated from the eventual outcomes of Russian colonization.